Notícias
Breaches of the CMA’s markets and mergers remedies
A register of all significant breaches of market and merger remedies notified to us since 1 April 2020.From:Competition and Markets AuthorityPublished8 July 2020Last updated10 January 2024 — See all updates
Anti-competitive behaviour in relation to the sale of Leicester City FC-branded products and merchandise
The CMA has issued an infringement decision after investigating suspected anti-competitive behaviour in relation to the sale of Leicester City FC-branded products and merchandise in the United Kingdom.From:Competition and Markets AuthorityPublished30 September 2021Last updated9 January 2024 — See all updatesCase type:CA98 and civil cartelsCase state:OpenMarket sector:Retail and wholesaleOpened:23 September 2021
Contents
- Case timetable
- Non-confidential decision
- Infringement decision
- Statement of objections
- Settlement
- Case information
- Contacts
Case timetable
| Date | Action |
|---|---|
| 9 January 2024 | Publication of non-confidential version of the infringement decision |
| 31 July 2023 | Infringement decision issued to case parties |
| 5 July 2023 | Statement of objections issued and settlement announced |
| December 2022 to June 2023 | Investigation ongoing |
| October 2022 to November 2022 | Investigation ongoing |
| June 2022 to September 2022 | Investigation ongoing |
| April 2022 to May 2022 | Investigation ongoing |
| September 2021 to March 2022 | Initial investigation, including information gathering, analysis and review of material. CMA analysis and review of information gathered. |
| September 2021 | Investigation opened |
Non-confidential decision
9 January 2024: The CMA has published a non-confidential version of the infringement decision in this case.
- Final decision (PDF, 987KB) (9.1.24)
Infringement decision
On 31 July 2023, the CMA issued a decision finding that JD Sports Fashion Plc and Leicester City Football Club Limited broke competition law by colluding to restrict competition in the sales of Leicester City-branded clothing, including replica kit, in the UK.
The decision is addressed to JD Sports Fashion Plc, Leicester City Football Club Limited and Leicester City Football Club Limited’s parent companies, King Power International Co. Limited and V & A Holding Co. Limited.
A fine of £880,000 has been imposed on Leicester City Football Club Limited, King Power International Co. Limited and V & A Holding Co. Limited. The penalty includes a discount to reflect the fact that these parties have settled the case with the CMA (described further below).
JD Sports reported the conduct to the CMA and benefits from immunity to any fine under the CMA’s Leniency programme.
Statement of objections
On 5 July 2023, the CMA issued a statement of objections setting out its provisional findings that JD Sports Fashion Plc and Leicester City Football Club Limited broke competition law by colluding to restrict competition in the sales of Leicester City-branded clothing, including replica kit, in the UK.
The allegations concern JD Sports Fashion Plc and Leicester City Football Club Limited. The statement is also addressed to Leicester City Football Club Limited’s parent companies, King Power International Co. Limited and V & A Holding Co. Limited.
Settlement
Leicester City Football Club Limited have admitted participating in the alleged infringement in relation to the supply of Leicester City-branded products in the UK. Leicester City Football Club Limited (and its parent companies, King Power International Co. Limited and V & A Holding Co. Limited) have agreed to pay a fine including a discount to reflect the resource savings to the CMA generated by the company’s admission and its agreement to a streamlined administrative procedure.
JD Sports also reported the alleged infringement under the CMA’s leniency policy and will benefit from immunity to any fine, provided it continues to cooperate and complies with the other conditions of the CMA’s leniency policy.
Case information
On 23 September 2021, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) launched an investigation under section 25 of the Competition Act 1998 (‘CA98’) into suspected breaches of competition law by Leicester City Football Club Limited and JD Sports Fashion Plc, together with their affiliates. The investigation concerns suspected infringements of Chapter I of the CA98 in relation to the sale of Leicester City-branded products and merchandise in the United Kingdom.
Personal data
The CMA may collect, use and share personal data for its investigations, including investigations under the Competition Act 1998. This includes processing personal data for the purposes of the General Data Protection Regulation and the Data Protection Act 2018.
For more information about how the CMA handles personal information, please see the CMA’s Personal Information Charter page.
Contacts
For any enquiries relating to this case, please contact: case51068enquiries@cma.gov.uk
Published 30 September 2021
Last updated 9 January 2024 + show all updates
La CNMC propone medidas para dinamizar el mercado de neumáticos y sus residuos
08 Jan 2024 | Promoción de Competencia
Fonte: CNMC
Los futuros cursos de conducción segura y eficiente incluirán aspectos que deberían reformularse
05 Jan 2024 | Promoción de Competencia
Fonte: CNMC
Consulta pública sobre las directrices para resolver los conflictos de impagos en el acceso e interconexión de redes de telecomunicaciones
08 Jan 2024 | Telecomunicaciones
Fonte: CNMC
FTC Order Prohibits Data Broker X-Mode Social and Outlogic from Selling Sensitive Location Data
FTC charges X-Mode and Outlogic with selling raw location data, failing to obtain informed consumer consent
January 9, 2024
Tags:
- Consumer Protection
- Bureau of Consumer Protection
- Big Data
- Online Advertising and Marketing
- Privacy and Security
- Consumer Privacy
- Data Security
Data broker X-Mode Social and its successor Outlogic will be prohibited from sharing or selling any sensitive location data to settle Federal Trade Commission allegations that the company sold precise location data that could be used to track people’s visits to sensitive locations such as medical and reproductive health clinics, places of religious worship and domestic abuse shelters.
In its first settlement with a data broker concerning the collection and sale of sensitive location information, the FTC also charged that Virginia-based X-Mode Social and Outlogic, LLC, the successor firm to which X-Mode transferred most of its operations in 2021, failed to put in place reasonable and appropriate safeguards on the use of such information by third parties. Today’s action underscores the FTC’s strong commitment to restraining the collection, sale, or disclosure of consumer’ sensitive location data.
“Geolocation data can reveal not just where a person lives and whom they spend time with but also, for example, which medical treatments they seek and where they worship. The FTC’s action against X-Mode makes clear that businesses do not have free license to market and sell Americans’ sensitive location data,” said FTC Chair Lina M. Khan. “By securing a first-ever ban on the use and sale of sensitive location data, the FTC is continuing its critical work to protect Americans from intrusive data brokers and unchecked corporate surveillance.”
The raw location data that X-Mode/Outlogic has sold is associated with mobile advertising IDs, which are unique identifiers associated with each mobile device. This raw location data is not anonymized, and is capable of matching an individual consumer’s mobile device with the locations they visited. In fact, some companies offer services that help companies match such data to individual consumers.
X-Mode/Outlogic sells and licenses precise location data that it collects from third-party apps that incorporate its software development kit (SDK) into their apps, from its own mobile apps, and by purchasing location data from other data brokers and aggregators. The company sells consumer location data to hundreds of clients in industries ranging from real estate to finance, as well as private government contractors for their own purposes, such as advertising or brand analytics.
According to the FTC’s complaint, until May 2023, the company did not have any policies in place to remove sensitive locations from the raw location data it sold. The FTC says X-Mode/Outlogic did not implement reasonable or appropriate safeguards against downstream use of the precise location data it sells, putting consumers’ sensitive personal information at risk.
The information revealed through the location data that X-Mode/Outlogic sold not only violated consumers’ privacy but also exposed them to potential discrimination, physical violence, emotional distress, and other harms, according to the complaint.
The FTC also says the company failed to ensure that users of its own apps, Drunk Mode and Walk Against Humanity, as well as third party apps that used the X-Mode/Outlogic’s SDK were fully informed about how their location data would be used. For example, X-Mode/Outlogic provided third party apps that use the company’s SDK with sample privacy disclosures that did not fully inform consumers about which entities would receive the data and also failed to ensure these third-party apps obtained informed consumer consent to grant X-Mode/Outlogic access to their sensitive location data.
The company also failed to employ the necessary technical safeguards and oversight to ensure that it honored requests by some android users to opt out of tracking and personalized ads, according to the complaint.
The company’s business has also involved creating custom audience segments based on characteristics of consumers. For at least one contract, X-Mode provided a private clinical research company information for marketing and advertising purposes about consumers who had visited certain internal medical facilities and then pharmacies or specialty infusion centers within a certain radius in the Columbus, Ohio area.
The FTC says these practices violate the FTC Act’s prohibition against unfair and deceptive practices.
In addition to the limits on sharing certain sensitive locations, the proposed order requires X-Mode/Outlogic to create a program to ensure it develops and maintains a comprehensive list of sensitive locations, and ensure it is not sharing, selling or transferring location data about such locations. Other provisions of the proposed order require the company to:
- Delete or destroy all the location data it previously collected and any products produced from this data unless it obtains consumer consent or ensures the data has been deidentified or rendered non-sensitive;
- Develop a supplier assessment program to ensure that companies that provide location data to X-Mode/Outlogic are obtaining informed consent from consumers for the collection, use and sale of the data or stop using such information;
- Implement procedures to ensure that recipients of its location data do not associate the data with locations that provide services to LGBTQ+ people such as bars or service organizations, with locations of public gatherings of individuals at political or social demonstrations or protests, or use location data to determine the identity or location of a specific individual;
- Provide a simple and easy-to-find way for consumers to withdraw their consent for the collection and use of their location data and for the deletion of any location data that was previously collected;
- Provide a clear and conspicuous means for consumers to request the identity of any individuals and businesses to whom their personal data has been sold or shared or give consumers a way to delete their personal location data from the commercial databases of all recipients of the data; and
- Establish and implement a comprehensive privacy program that protects the privacy of consumers’ personal information and also create a data retention schedule.
The proposed order also limits the company from collecting or using location data when consumers have opted out of targeted advertising or tracking or if the company cannot verify records showing that consumers have provided consent to the collection of location data.
The Commission voted 3-0 to issue the proposed administrative complaint and to accept the consent agreement. Chair Khan, joined by Commissioners Rebecca Kelly Slaughter and Alvaro Bedoya, issued a separate statement.
The FTC will publish a description of the consent agreement package in the Federal Register soon. The agreement will be subject to public comment for 30 days after publication in the Federal Register after which the Commission will decide whether to make the proposed consent order final. Instructions for filing comments will appear in the published notice. Once processed, comments will be posted on Regulations.gov.
NOTE: The Commission issues an administrative complaint when it has “reason to believe” that the law has been or is being violated, and it appears to the Commission that a proceeding is in the public interest. When the Commission issues a consent order on a final basis, it carries the force of law with respect to future actions. Each violation of such an order may result in a civil penalty of up to $50,120.
The lead staff attorneys on this matter are Bhavna Changrani and Brian Shull from the FTC’s Bureau of Consumer Protection.
The Federal Trade Commission works to promote competition and protect and educate consumers. Learn more about consumer topics at consumer.ftc.gov, or report fraud, scams, and bad business practices at ReportFraud.ftc.gov. Follow the FTC on social media, read consumer alerts and the business blog, and sign up to get the latest FTC news and alerts.
Contact Information
Media Contact
Office of Public Affairs
Casos
Comissão Europeia
BUCKLAND / HY24 INVESTOR / ICE
Merger
Last decision date: 08.01.2024 Super simplified procedure
VOLVO / RENAULT / FLEXECO JV
Merger
Last decision date: 08.01.2024 Simplified procedureI
SQUARED CAPITAL / ARRIVA
Merger
Last decision date: 05.01.2024 Super simplified procedure
EPEI / CASINO
Merger
Last decision date: 05.01.2024 Simplified procedure
KESKO / DAVIDSEN
Merger